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Compare Atlantic Ocean (2002) - Qatar (2001)

Compare Atlantic Ocean (2002) z Qatar (2001)

 Atlantic Ocean (2002)Qatar (2001)
 Atlantic OceanQatar
Administrative divisions - 9 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Salal
Age structure - 0-14 years:
25.77% (male 101,155; female 97,086)

15-64 years:
71.75% (male 391,178; female 160,665)

65 years and over:
2.48% (male 13,625; female 5,443) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish
Airports - 4 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
2

over 3,047 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 76.762 million sq km


note: includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, part of the Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, almost all of the Scotia Sea, and other tributary water bodies		 total:
11,437 sq km

land:
11,437 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than 6.5 times the size of the US slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). The Kiel Canal (Germany), Oresund (Denmark-Sweden), Bosporus (Turkey), Strait of Gibraltar (Morocco-Spain), and the St. Lawrence Seaway (Canada-US) are important strategic access waterways. The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth world ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Atlantic Ocean south of 60 degrees south. Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir who had ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown by his son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have a per capita income not far below the leading industrial countries of Western Europe.
Birth rate - 15.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$3.9 billion

expenditures:
$4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital - Doha
Climate tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November desert; hot, dry; humid and sultry in summer
Coastline 111,866 km 563 km
Constitution - provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution
Country name - conventional long form:
State of Qatar

conventional short form:
Qatar

local long form:
Dawlat Qatar

local short form:
Qatar

note:
closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
Currency - Qatari rial (QAR)
Death rate - 4.26 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $13.1 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Elizabeth Davenport MCKUNE

embassy:
22 February Road, Doha

mailing address:
P. O. Box 2399, Doha

telephone:
[974] 488 4101

FAX:
[974] 488 4298

note:
workweek is Saturday-Wednesday
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Badr Umar al-DAFA

chancery:
4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016

telephone:
[1] (202) 274-1600

FAX:
[1] (202) 237-0061

consulate(s) general:
Houston
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) in March of 2001, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) awarded the Hawar Islands to Bahrain and adjusted its maritime boundary with Qatar; a final border resolution was agreed to with Saudi Arabia in March of 2001
Economic aid - recipient - $NA
Economy - overview The Atlantic Ocean provides some of the world's most heavily trafficked sea routes, between and within the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Other economic activity includes the exploitation of natural resources, e.g., fishing, the dredging of aragonite sands (The Bahamas), and production of crude oil and natural gas (Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and North Sea). Oil accounts for more than 30% of GDP, roughly 80% of export earnings, and 66% of government revenues. Proved oil reserves of 3.7 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Oil has given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to that of the leading West European industrial countries. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 7 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total, third largest in the world. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important. Long-term goals feature the development of offshore petroleum and the diversification of the economy. In 2000, Qatar posted its highest ever trade surplus of $6 billion, due mainly to high oil prices and increased natural gas exports.
Electricity - consumption - 8.37 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 9 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Milwaukee Deep in the Puerto Rico Trench -8,605 m


highest point: sea level 0 m		 lowest point:
Persian Gulf 0 m

highest point:
Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales; drift net fishing is hastening the decline of fish stocks and contributing to international disputes; municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups - Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Exchange rates - Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.6400 (fixed rate)
Executive branch - chief of state:
Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince JASSIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, third son of the monarch (selected crown prince by the monarch 22 October 1996); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the armed forces

head of government:
Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20 January 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary

note:
in March 1999 Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council, which has consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services
Exports - $9.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities - petroleum products 80%, fertilizers, steel
Exports - partners - Japan 52%, Singapore 9%, South Korea 8%, US, UAE (1998)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side
GDP - purchasing power parity - $15.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
1%

industry:
49%

services:
50% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $20,300 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 4% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 0 00 N, 25 00 W 25 30 N, 51 15 E
Geography - note major chokepoints include the Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic straits include the Strait of Dover, Straits of Florida, Mona Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways - total:
1,230 km

paved:
1,107 km

unpaved:
123 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $3.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities - machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals
Imports - partners - UK 10%, Japan 8%, Germany 6%, US 6%, Italy 6% (1998)
Independence - 3 September 1971 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement
Infant mortality rate - 21.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2.5% (2000)
International organization participation - ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land - 80 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch - Court of Appeal
Labor force - 233,000 (1993 est.)
Land boundaries - total:
60 km

border countries:
Saudi Arabia 60 km
Land use - arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
94% (1993 est.)
Languages - Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Legal system - discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters
Legislative branch - unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)

note:
the constitution calls for elections for part of this consultative body, but no elections have been held since 1970, when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have their terms extended every four years since
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
72.62 years

male:
70.16 years

female:
75.21 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
79%

male:
79%

female:
80% (1995 est.)
Location body of water between Africa, Europe, the Southern Ocean, and the Western Hemisphere Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Map references Political Map of the World Middle East
Maritime claims - contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 677,992 GRT/1,049,447 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, petroleum tanker 6 (2000 est.)
Military branches - Army, Navy, Air Force, Public Security
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $723 million (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 10% (FY00/01)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
312,116

note:
includes non-nationals (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
163,642 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
6,797 (2001 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 3 September (1971)
Nationality - noun:
Qatari(s)

adjective:
Qatari
Natural hazards icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September; hurricanes (May to December) haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
Natural resources oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones petroleum, natural gas, fish
Net migration rate - 20.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 235 km; natural gas 400 km
Political parties and leaders - none
Political pressure groups and leaders - none
Population - 769,152 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 3.18% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca (Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal (Canada), Naples (Italy), New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran (Algeria), Oslo (Norway), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Saint Petersburg (Russia), Stockholm (Sweden) Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id (Musay'id)
Radio broadcast stations - AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios - 256,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Muslim 95%
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
2.43 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
2.5 male(s)/female

total population:
1.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - suffrage is limited to municipal elections
Telephone system - general assessment:
modern system centered in Doha

domestic:
NA

international:
tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Telephones - main lines in use - 142,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 43,476 (1997)
Television broadcast stations - 2 (plus three repeaters) (1997)
Terrain surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and coastal portions of the Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm-water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the northern Atlantic, counterclockwise warm-water gyre in the southern Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Total fertility rate - 3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Transportation - note Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two important waterways; significant domestic commercial and recreational use of Intracoastal Waterway on central and south Atlantic seaboard and Gulf of Mexico coast of US -
Unemployment rate - NA%
Waterways - none
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